{"id":1120,"date":"2025-06-17T01:34:26","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T01:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.madischu.com\/?p=1120"},"modified":"2025-06-17T01:34:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T01:34:26","slug":"how-to-get-rid-of-the-obesiogenic-microbiome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/17\/how-to-get-rid-of-the-obesiogenic-microbiome\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Get Rid of the Obesiogenic Microbiome"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">You can reverse obesity by getting rid of your obesiogenic microbiome and establishing healthy dietary and lifestyle habits.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Here are a few key points:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Research suggests dietary changes, like increasing fiber and adopting a Mediterranean diet, can help alter an obesiogenic microbiome.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">It seems likely that probiotics, prebiotics, and exercise also play a role in improving gut health and reducing obesity-related microbiome effects.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The evidence leans toward medical interventions like bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for severe cases, though they are less common.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Controversy exists around FMT due to risks and limited long-term data, so consult healthcare professionals before considering it.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Dietary Strategies<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Making changes to your diet is a practical first step. Increasing fiber intake, especially from prebiotics like inulin found in foods such as leeks and asparagus, can promote beneficial gut bacteria. Adopting a Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may also help by favoring a healthier microbiome. Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar diets is crucial, as they can worsen an obesiogenic microbiome.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Probiotics and Prebiotics<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Adding probiotics, like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium found in yogurt, and prebiotics, which feed these good bacteria, can support gut health. Combining them as synbiotics might enhance benefits, though more research is needed for obesity specifically.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lifestyle Changes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Regular aerobic exercise, such as 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a few times a week, can increase gut microbial diversity and support metabolic health, potentially countering obesity-related microbiome changes.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Medical Options<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">For severe obesity, bariatric surgery like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can alter the gut microbiome long-term, aiding weight loss. Emerging options like FMT, where gut bacteria from a lean donor are transferred, show promise but are experimental and carry risks, so discuss with a doctor.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><strong>Survey Note:<\/strong> Comprehensive Analysis of Strategies to Alter the Obesiogenic Microbiome<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">This note provides a detailed examination of strategies to address an obesiogenic microbiome, defined as a gut microbiome composition that promotes obesity. The discussion is grounded in recent scientific literature, offering a thorough overview for individuals seeking to understand and implement evidence-based approaches. The content is structured to include dietary, microbial, lifestyle, and medical interventions, with specific examples, outcomes, and supporting studies.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">The gut microbiome plays a critical role in metabolic health, with an obesiogenic microbiome characterized by increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes, often linked to higher energy extraction and obesity. Strategies to alter this microbiome aim to restore balance, improve metabolic outcomes, and reduce obesity risk. This analysis synthesizes findings from multiple studies, highlighting practical and emerging approaches.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Dietary Interventions<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Diet is a primary modulator of gut microbiota, and specific dietary patterns can shift the microbiome away from an obesogenic state:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Mediterranean Diet<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: This diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been shown to increase Bacteroidetes and decrease Proteobacteria, improving metabolic health. A meta-analysis <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The Mediterranean diet and health: a comprehensive overview<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> found it lowers plasma cholesterol independently of energy intake, with changes in microbiota observed in studies like <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Gut microbiota and the Mediterranean diet<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">High-Fiber Diets<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Increasing dietary fiber, particularly prebiotics like inulin and oligofructose, stimulates beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. For example, 10 g\/day of inulin for 16 days increased <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium adolescentis<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> from 0.89% to 3.9% <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114508019880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Prebiotic effects of inulin on gut microbiota<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Systematic reviews <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1810530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Dietary fiber and gut microbiota: a systematic review<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> link high fiber to reduced weight gain and increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which improve insulin sensitivity.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Intermittent Fasting<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Practices like Ramadan fasting remodel the gut microbiome, increasing beneficial bacteria such as <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bacteroides fragilis<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">, linked to weight loss. Pilot studies <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2019.0039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Intermittent fasting and gut microbiota: a pilot study<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> and systematic reviews <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Intermittent fasting for weight loss: a systematic review<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> support these effects.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Avoiding Obesogenic Diets<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Diets high in fat and simple sugars alter the microbiome, increasing Firmicutes and contributing to adiposity, as shown in early experiments <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">A table summarizing dietary interventions and their effects is provided below:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-lltvgl r-1t2hasf r-13qz1uu\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Dietary Strategy<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Microbiome Effect<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Evidence<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Mediterranean Diet<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191Bacteroidetes, \u2193Proteobacteria<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Meta-analyses show health benefits <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1344<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">High Fiber (Prebiotics)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191Bifidobacterium, \u2191SCFAs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Inulin increases <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> by 3.9% <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114508019880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114508019880<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Intermittent Fasting<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">, weight loss<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Pilot studies support microbiota shifts <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2019.0039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2019.0039<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">High-Fat, High-Sugar Diets<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191Firmicutes, \u2191adiposity<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Early experiments link to obesity <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Microbial supplementation offers targeted ways to alter the gut microbiome:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Probiotics<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Live microorganisms like <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> improve gut microbiota, reducing BMI, body fat, and inflammation. A meta-analysis of 416 placebo and 405 probiotic participants over 8-24 weeks showed decreased body weight and BMI <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3862971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Probiotics and weight loss: a meta-analysis<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Specific strains, such as <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lactobacillus gasseri<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> SBT2055, reduced abdominal visceral fat by 8.5% in 12 weeks <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114513001037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Probiotic effects on visceral fat<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Prebiotics<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Non-metabolized ingredients like inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) selectively feed beneficial microbes. For example, 30 g\/day of isomalt for 4 weeks increased <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> by 65% and cell counts by 47% <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2503S\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Prebiotic effects of isomalt<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Doses of 2.5-10 g\/day FOS increased <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/span><\/span> <a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/4625279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Prebiotic dose-response effects<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Synbiotics<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Combining probiotics and prebiotics, such as <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> with galactooligosaccharides (GOS), may enhance benefits. A 3-week study showed increased <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lactobacillus<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> by 16% and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bifidobacterium<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> by 18%, though benefits for obesity are less studied <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0494-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Synbiotic effects on gut microbiota<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Lifestyle Interventions: Exercise<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Exercise impacts gut microbiota, potentially countering obesogenic effects:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Aerobic exercise, such as a 6-week program of 30-60 minutes moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), increases microbial diversity and butyrate producers, reducing the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio. Studies show increased SCFAs in lean individuals and decreased body fat in both lean and obese <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Exercise and gut microbiota diversity<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Combining MVPA with adequate fiber further enhances microbial diversity <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1362-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Exercise and fiber synergy<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Medical and Emerging Therapies<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">For severe cases, medical interventions offer significant microbiome modulation:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Pharmacological Interventions<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Medications like metformin increase <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> and SCFA-producing microbiota, contributing to therapeutic effects <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Metformin and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Orlistat and ezetimibe also modulate microbiota, alleviating obesity in high-fat diet models <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.908327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Orlistat effects on gut microbiota<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Bariatric Surgery<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Procedures like RYGB increase Bacteroidetes and improve metabolism, with effects lasting up to 10 years. Studies show fecal transplants from RYGB mice reduce weight and fat mass in germ-free mice <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Bariatric surgery and gut microbiota<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: FMT from lean donors improves insulin sensitivity, with small studies showing increased butyrate-producing bacteria up to 6 weeks post-transplant <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">FMT and insulin sensitivity<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. However, risks include viral pathogen transmission, and a case report noted obesity development post-transplant from an overweight donor <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">FMT risks and outcomes<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Targeted Microbial Therapies<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">: Specific bacteria like <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Eubacterium hallii<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> improve insulin sensitivity in db\/db mice <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npjbiofilms.2016.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">*Eubacterium hallii* and insulin sensitivity<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">, while <\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> protects against diet-induced obesity <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">*Akkermansia muciniphila* and obesity<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">. Emerging therapies like faecal virome transplantation decrease symptoms of type 2 diabetes and obesity in murine models <\/span><\/span><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Faecal virome transplantation<\/span><\/a><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">A table summarizing medical and emerging therapies is provided below:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-lltvgl r-1t2hasf r-13qz1uu\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Therapy<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Microbiome Effect<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-b88u0q r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Evidence<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Metformin<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">, \u2191SCFAs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Improves metabolic outcomes <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4345<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Bariatric Surgery (RYGB)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191Bacteroidetes, lasts 10 years<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Improves metabolism, reduces weight <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4358<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">FMT from Lean Donors<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">\u2191Butyrate producers, improves insulin sensitivity<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Small studies show benefits, risks noted <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Akkermansia muciniphila<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"> Treatment<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Protects against diet-induced obesity<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div class=\"css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1s5swlz r-u4gi5m\">\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Polyphenol-rich cranberry extract increases levels <\/span><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Considerations and Limitations<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">While these strategies are supported by research, individual variability exists due to genetics, baseline microbiome, and environmental factors. FMT, in particular, is controversial due to risks like viral transmission and limited long-term data, necessitating consultation with healthcare professionals. Long-term studies are needed to optimize doses, compositions, and regimens for sustained weight control.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Conclusion<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-1b5gpbm r-a8ghvy\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Addressing an obesiogenic microbiome involves a multifaceted approach, with dietary changes, probiotics, exercise, and medical interventions offering promising avenues. Individuals should prioritize accessible strategies like diet and exercise, while considering medical options for severe cases under professional guidance.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-evnaw r-eaezby r-b88u0q\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\">Key Citations<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.yale.edu\/news-article\/treating-obesity-with-gut-microbiota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Treating Obesity with Gut Microbiota Q&amp;A<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5751949\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Microbes and diet-induced obesity: fast, cheap, and out of control<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0929664618304376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The gut microbiome in obesity: recent advances<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8291023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Gut microbiota in obesity: characteristics and mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S075333222200066X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The links between gut microbiota and obesity related diseases<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5082693\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Obesity detailed review<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5782396\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Obesity-associated gut microbiome and epigenome alterations<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7333005\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Gut microbiome influence on obesity and probiotics role<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-022-00794-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management review<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg2773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Evidence for gut microbiome contribution to obesity reversal<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114508019880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Prebiotic effects of inulin on gut microbiota detailed study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3862971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Probiotics and weight loss: a meta-analysis comprehensive review<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0494-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Synbiotic effects on gut microbiota and health outcomes<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Exercise and gut microbiota diversity impact study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4345\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Metformin and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes effects<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Bariatric surgery and gut microbiota long-term effects<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">FMT and insulin sensitivity improvement in obesity<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity protection mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Faecal virome transplantation for diabetes and obesity<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">The Mediterranean diet and health: a comprehensive overview<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Gut microbiota and the Mediterranean diet detailed analysis<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1810530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Dietary fiber and gut microbiota: a systematic review<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2019.0039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Intermittent fasting and gut microbiota: a pilot study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Intermittent fasting for weight loss: a systematic review<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2503S\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Prebiotic effects of isomalt on gut microbiota detailed study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114513001037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Probiotic effects on visceral fat reduction study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1362-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Exercise and fiber synergy on microbial diversity study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.908327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Orlistat effects on gut microbiota in obesity models<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofv004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">FMT risks and outcomes in obesity case report<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-hbpseb r-16dba41\" dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1g4g62n r-yn5ncy r-clrlgt r-1ec6tlx r-1nao33i r-m71pgl r-1ddef8g r-1loqt21\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npjbiofilms.2016.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-copy-preserve=\"1\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Eubacterium hallii and insulin sensitivity in mice study<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"css-146c3p1 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-1adg3ll r-a8ghvy r-p1pxzi\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy r-36ujnk\"><span class=\"css-1jxf684 r-bcqeeo r-1ttztb7 r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-a8ghvy\"><br \/>\nSource: Grok AI<br \/>\nDisclaimer: I am not a doctor; please consult one.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You can reverse obesity by getting rid of your obesiogenic microbiome and establishing healthy dietary and lifestyle habits. Here are a few key points: Research suggests dietary changes, like increasing fiber and adopting a Mediterranean diet, can help alter an obesiogenic microbiome. It seems likely that probiotics, prebiotics, and exercise also play a role in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,40],"tags":[39,45,4],"class_list":["post-1120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-wellness","category-gut-microbiome","tag-gut-health","tag-gut-microbiome","tag-obesity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1120"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1120\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.life360coach.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}